Thomas Hobbes And John Locke s Leviathan And Second...

Hobbes vs. Locke This paper will compare and contrast the beliefs of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke expressed in Leviathan and Second Treatise of Government. The paper will show the basic differences between the two philosophers views, is Hobbes distrust of the people and Locke s relatively greater trust of the people and distrust of the government s power and the likelihood of the abuse of that power. Hobbes view in Leviathan aims at ensuring civil order, which means for him the absolute power of the government, or the Leviathan, which power the people have given him through the social contract. Locke, on the other hand, keeps much more power in the hands of the people through the legislature, which means, in effect, majority rule. Locke was also deeply concerned with maintaining the rights of the people, especially the right to own property. Locke s political view produces a much more democratic system, while Hobbes produces a much more authoritarian, if not totalitarian, system. Both Locke and Hobbes start their political analysis with reference to the state of nature. However, their definitions of this state of nature stand in stark contrast to one another. The differences on their perception of the state of nature correspond to the final conclusions of what is important in a civil society. The contrasting perceptions of the state of nature on the part of these two philosoph ers are crucial, because they use those perceptions as the foundations for the politicalShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke And Thomas Hobbes886 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss the differences in political theories expressed by both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. In, Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes, and in, The Second Treatise of Government, by John Locke different theories of political legitimacy and definitions of the state of nature are described. The following paragraphs analyze multiple different points that are imperative to understanding these political theories. In the reading, Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes discusses what human existence is in the state of nature andRead MoreWhat Does Political Legitimacy Of The State Of Nature?921 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss the differences in political theories expressed by both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. In, Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes, and in, The Second Treatise of Government, by John Locke different theories of political legitimacy and definitions of the state of nature are described. The following paragraphs analyze multiple different points that are imperative to understanding these political theories. In the reading, Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes discusses what human existence is in the state of nature andRead MoreThe Political Philosophies Of Thomas Hobbes And John Locke3805 Words   |  16 PagesThe purpose of this essay will be to thoroughly compare and contrast the political philosophies of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. At the surface, these two scholars seem to offer contradictory models of political order, while at the same time relying on similar views of human nature. These men published their most famous offerings, Hobbes’ Leviathan and Locke s Second Treatises of Government, during an era of developing capitalism and market mechanisms. I will discuss the role of the emerging socialRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1346 Words   |  6 PagesContracts Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were two English political philosophers, who have had a lasting impact on modern political science. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both spent much of their lives attempting to identify the best form of government. Locke and Hobbes were among the most prominent of theorists when it came to social contract and human rights. A Social Contract is an agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, are the twoRead MoreA Possible Explanation Why John Locke Is Such an Aggressive Critique of Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan Idea2412 Words   |  10 PagesWriting in the 1650’s, Thomas Hobbes sought to address the prevalent problem of war by seeking to obtain those rational principles that will aid the construction of a â€Å"civil polity that will not be subject to destruction from within.[1]† Hobbes employs the idea of a â€Å"social contract† to resolve that seemingly intractable problem of war and disorder. He begins by imagining how people were in their natural condition i.e. before the emergence of a civil society. According to Hobbes, in that natural conditionRead MoreThomas Hobbes And The Social Contract Theory1088 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States Constitution established America s national government and fundamental laws and guaranteed certain basic rights for its citizens it was signed on September 17th 1787 by delegates to the Constitution convention in Philadelphia presided over by George Washington. Although other countries have changed their Constitution over years the United States Constitution has been kept the same. The Leviathan, Two Treatises, and the Declaration of Independence serve as underpinnings of the Read MoreThe American Constitution And The Bill Of Rights1463 Words   |  6 Pagesand thoughts of the philosophes, specifically John Locke. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were both English philosophers,influential thinkers of the seventeenth century, both had confidence in a Social Contract and they both distributed books that were generally perused. Thomas Hobbes talked about and built up the social contract hypothesis through his book Leviathan. The social contract hypothesis was later bolstered and translated encourage by John Locke. This hypothesis which was essential to theRead MoreAnalyzing the Ideas of Locke and Hobbes on the State of Nature704 Words   |  3 Pagesorganized government. Engaging in a rigorous deconstruction of this hypothetical condition, one defined by a societal structure in which mans rights are not protected by the power of the state, provided political philosophers like Thomas Hobbes and John Locke with ample opportunity to indulge their faculties for elevated thought, with Hobbess Leviathan and Lockes Second Treatise on Civil Government standing as enduring testaments to this philosophical co nundrum. Both Hobbes and Locke applied clinicalRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1426 Words   |  6 PagesBy the second half of the 17th Century, England would experience one of the bloodiest conflicts in its history, ultimately serving to influence some of the most phenomenal political philosophers in Europe --Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke. England was in constant unrest, choosing new forms of government almost on a whim in desperate attempts to restore order in the Country. The English Civil War in 1642 etched a legacy of dread in the people of England, and the war only appeared more disastrous andRead MoreA Thesis Statement : Monarchy And Democracy1476 Words   |  6 Pagesboth perspectives of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, one can see that democracy creates the most beneficial outcome. Today, many people associate the ideals Locke adopts with democracy. Although, in Locke’s book, Second Treatise of Government, he did not solely focus on democracy. He listed many types of government, not favoring any. He believed that as long as they adhere to his rules, they remain valid. As a result of looking through Thomas Hobbes’ view on monarchy and John Locke’s view on democracy

Causal Theories And Social Construction - 827 Words

Causal Theories and Social Construction Stone (1989) explained that situations are created by human action and influence human intervention. The author argued the idea that problems are tied to image making, where the images have to do fundamentally with attributing cause, blame, and responsibility. More importantly, the idea that political parties portray situations as harmful in society, which they then tie issues to organizations and individuals. This allows the political actors to gain support, and thereby claim the right to invoke government power to stop the harm (Stone, 1989). The author also claimed that often time political actors can describe characteristics of issues through causal stories, so it can be shown to the public as facts. Thus, in the political arena images and symbols are linked to issues by political actors to sway the public and other political official thoughts about an issue. Stone (1989) further noted that political actors create causal stories about issues so they are interpreted as mechanical causes, accidental causes, intentional causes or inadvertent causes. Additionally, the author noted that the idea of causal theories al-lows individuals to come together to either challenge or protect an existing social order. Schneider Ingram (1993) provided an explanation on social construction of target populations, which refer to the cultural characterizations or popular images of the persons or groups whose behavior and well-being are affectedShow MoreRelatedThe Concept Of God And Religion Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom Anselm (1033-1109). While the theological concepts draw independent idealist ontology, Spirituality is a construct derived from the same. The central point of spiritual orientation is considered to be built up from the perceptions and actions of social actors, giving rise to a position of constructionism. Spirituality as a concept cannot be seen as something having its own tangible reality. It is perceived as a subjective norm with no objective reality of its own. Spirituality can often be seenRead MoreCan Social Order Emerge Spontaenously Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesCan Social Order Emerge Spontaneously Exchange Theory and the Micro-foundations of Social Structure Philip Tan SOC 316 Professor Pfaff 10/23/12 The processes that lead to social order are considered as intricate and premeditated, and not spontaneous. The construction of social order is the result, in reference to Blau’s Exchange Theory, of trust and solidarity achieved through repeated social exchange. This paper will explain how and why social exchange occurs and the significance of continualRead MorePolitical Philosophy of Thomas Hobbes and Rene Descartes1396 Words   |  6 PagescenteriPolitics should be the application of the science Of man to the construction of the community Explain this remark and discuss what reasons there might be for thinking it is not true/i/centerbrbrIn this essay I intend to examine the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes and Rene Descartes, in particular their ideas relating to the science of man, and attempt to explain why their ideas prove that it is not possible to construct a science of man.brbrI will also briefly mentionRead MoreHuman Communication : Objective Approach And Interp retive Approach904 Words   |  4 Pagesrepresentations of an underlying reality and/or mirrors of nature is derived from good theories that can be tested, useful and supported by quantity of research. The Socio-psychological tradition reflects the objective perspective by focusing on communication truths which are discovered by precise systematic observation, by looking for cause-and-effect relationships that will predict the communication results of people. Once these causal links are found the ever-present questions about relationship and persuasionRead MoreGender Structure Theory Essay examples1179 Words   |  5 Pagesas why such views are ingrained in society as a whole, it is necessary to make an analysis using gender structure theory via its three levels: individual, interactional, and institutional. Gender structure theory can help to understand the underlying implications within the IOCs recommendations by allowing gender to be conceptualized as a social structure. The mechanisms and causal relationships by which gender is embedded within society can then be analyzed at the individual, interactional, andRead MoreEvaluation Of Children s Cognitive Development1474 Words   |  6 Pagesto children’s cognitive development; second, play is one of many routes to positive development (equifinality); and third, play is a byproduct (epiphenomenon) of other factors that lead to development (Lillard et al, 2012). Pretend Play and Theory of Mind Theory of mind (ToM) is a group of cognitive skills that we use to predict other people’s thoughts. It could be suggested that pretend play leads to better ToM skills as it uses same patterns of thinking, and that role play provides children withRead MoreIs Grounded Theory A Theoretical Model?930 Words   |  4 PagesIn qualitative research, constant comparisons between the perspectives of researchers and their participants are sometimes used to develop grounded theories about the experiences, influential conditions, and outcomes of behavior related to a specific phenomenon. Grounded theory is a â€Å"qualitative method of research used to systematically collect and analyze data, with which to construct a theoretical model† (Morrow Smith, 1995, p. 24). The process primarily involves interviewing participantsRead MoreArticle Review: Consumer Behavior in Shopping Center Choice1133 Words   |  5 PagesSOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY, 2004, 32(8), 783-790  © Sociei y for Personality Research (Inc.) CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN SHOPPING CENTER CHOICE VEYSEL YILMAZ Osmangazi University, Eski^ehir, Turkey This study was designed to research factors which consumers consider when choosing a shopping center and to develop a suggestion model for shopping center choice. First a questionnaire about choosing a shopping center was fonned. Then the questionnaire was given to 300 randomly chosen consumers andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Second Sex By Simone De Beauvoir1305 Words   |  6 PagesSimone de Beauvoir is one of the leading intellectuals of women in French culture, and is a famous feminist. Her book, The Second Sex, challenged political and existential theories. Her most long-lasting effect is how women understand themselves, their relationships, their place in society, and the construction of gender. In this case, Simone de Beauvoir, Michele Le Doeuff, and Christine Delphy all seem to agree or disagree that the core questions that women must understand is how they are definedRead MoreSummary of Durkheims Sociological Theory958 Words   |  4 Pages Although Durkheim’s writing do es touch upon certain moral, political organization, and intellectual issues, overall, Durkheim sets out to provide a theoretical construction for the study of sociology. Durkheim desires to understand societal life through various social constructs. His agenda entails â€Å"accurately distinguish[ing] social facts† and further â€Å"show[ing] what it is that gives them their identity† (Giddens 52). He basically would like to analyze how societies work and what factors can

Remember the Titans Essay Example For Students

Remember the Titans Essay Based on the true story of the events that took place in Alexandria,Virginia in 1971, Remember the Titans depicts the struggle of an AfricanAmerican football coach, Herman Boone, who was hired to guide the T.C. Williams Titans. To the people in Alexandria football was everything. However, when the local black high school was forced to integrate with anall white school, the very foundation of footballs great tradition was putto the test. It was during this time that Boone became entangled in thecourt-ordered integration crisis. Boone was a successful African American coach from North Carolina, whowas selected to lead the Titans to victory. But what he didnt know thathe was selected in hopes that the team would boycott in his response ofaccepting the head coaching job. Later on in the season he was told if heloss a game that would be the end of his coaching career with the Titans.

The Beginning of the Methodist Movement in England Essay Sample free essay sample

The Methodist Church is today described as Non-conformist because it does non conform to the regulations of the established Anglican church. Yet it was born out of Anglicanism. and early members continued to have the sacraments within their local Anglican parish church. How and why did this state of affairs originate? Hans Hillerbrand in ‘the Age of Reformation’ ( page 185 The of Christian World ) says that Methodism. . along with many other subdivisions of the Christian church. was a consequence of the Reformation. and in the sense that it came out of Anglicanism that is true. John and Charles Wesley had parents who were both from spiritual backgrounds. Their gramps had been an Anglican reverend married to the girl of a reverend Their male parent was a controversial author and churchman and their female parent came from a strongly non-conformist background. so it is non surprising that the brothers were interested in spiritual affairs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beginning of the Methodist Movement in England Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a kid John was merely spiritual in a moderate manner. However this altered as he matured. Sheldon notes in his 1905 book. ’The History of the Christian Church’ that after reading plants by people such as Thomas a Kempis he said. †¦ ‘Instantly I resolved to give all my life to God. all my ideas and words and actions. ’ By 1726 John had been ordained. but kept his links with Oxford University where by so his younger brother was analyzing. Charles admitted to blowing his first twelvemonth. but by the 2nd he. together with a little group of fellow pupils. began to analyze and pray methodically. John took charge of the group. Out of this came the moniker ’Methodists’ . This was one of several such names such as Enthusiasts and Sacramentarians. but it is the 1 that stuck. One of the regulations of this ‘Holy Club’ was that every twenty-four hours members were to inquire themselves the undermentioned inquiries: Am I consciously or unconsciously making the feeling than I am better than I truly am? In other words. am I a dissembler? 2. Am I honest in all my Acts of the Apostless and words. or do I overstate? 3. Make I confidentially pass on to another what I was told to me in assurance? Can I be trusted? 5 Am I a slave to dress. friends. work or wonts? Am I self-aware. self-pity ing. or self-justifying? 7. Make the Bible live in me today? Do I give it clip to talk to me every twenty-four hours? 9. Am I basking supplication? 10. When did I last speak to person else of my religion? Do I pray about the money I spend? Do I acquire to bed on clip and acquire up on clip? Do I disobey God in anything? 14. Make I take a firm stand upon making something about which my scruples is uneasy? Am I defeated in any portion of my life? 16. Am I covetous impure. critical. cranky. touchy or mistrusting? 17. How do I pass my trim clip? 18. Am I proud? 19. Make I thank God that I am non as other people. particularly as the Pharisees who despised the publican? Is there anyone I fear. disfavor. disown. knock. keep a bitterness toward or ignore? If so. what am I making about it? Make I grouch or kick invariably? Is Christ existent to me? John Wesley emphasized a faith of the bosom. Subsequently he was to put emphasis on the possibility of full sanctification. His belief system was Arminian. based on the beliefs of the Moravian church. a group with a long history in Germany. The usage of the rubric ‘United Society’ likely originated in the Moravian church and was used by Wesley to convey the thought of in tegrity of the local meetings as one church. though this ulterior became ‘United Societies’ . There were of class at this clip strong links with Germany through the English male monarchs of the house of Hanover. Peter Partner in ‘The Story of Christianity’ says 9 page 322 ) that English intellectuals were intrigued by German devotedness to rational ‘system’ . Wesley believed strongly that redemption was possible for all. which is where he differed from Whitefield. who took a more Calvinistic position. although they continued to back up each other’s work. From 1741 Arminian Methodists followed Wesley’s instruction and others followed Whitefield. This message of redemption and the thought of sanctification were at the nucleus of Wesley’s prophesying. In 1766 he published ‘A Plain Account of Christian Perfection. ’ Bristol: William Pine. It is rather hard today to sum up Methodist beliefs because there are many subdivisions of Methodism. but Methodists would usually include the undermentioned: Methodist churchs believe in a life God. Christianity for a Methodist is non merely a set of regulations. but is concerned with the individual’s relationship with God through Christ by agencies of the Holy Spirit. They say that it is faith and this relationship that transforms lives. There is a belief in the love of God as a gift. instead than as something to be earned. but there is besides the demand to react to such love. by confering love in return on both God and our chaps. A cardinal belief is in Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord A belief is held in what is described as a balance of bosom and head – i. e. that though trusters may be profoundly moved by what God has done for them they are non expected to make something simply because it feels right. but to utilize their encephalons every bit good as their emotions. Methodist churchs believe in the Bible as the usher to both belief and actions. There is a belief that God pours out his grace in a figure of different ways. e. g. baptism. holy Communion. family etc. but that this is more likely to go on when supplication takes topographic point than when it does non. Methodist churchs believe that the traditions of the church can uncover deep truths and that it is the occupation of the church to construe the se in a manner that speaks to the present coevals. Finally a belief in disciplined life is cardinal – non merely running to God when we are hurt. but a uninterrupted committedness. Failure to make this. it is believed. will take to shoal lives and hapless informant. This sum-up is adapted from the words of Mitchell Williams on the web page ‘United Methodist Beliefs’ . Wesley remained an Anglican reverend until his decease and is said to hold systematically advised people to stand by the established church. He wanted to regenerate the Anglican church. non to divide or damage it. He surely had no purpose of organizing a new denomination. In fact he and his brother Charles are commemorated in Westminster Abbey. an Anglican Cathedral. He did non believe that it would go a separate entity. but expected it to go on within the Anglican crease. He assumed that converts would go to Anglican churches and receive the sacraments at that place. But his parish was wherever people were. non merely those who lived in a peculiar country as practiced by the bulk of clergy. Even every bit late as two old ages before he died he stated decidedly his involuntariness to go forth the Anglican church and refused to accept that he had brought into being a big group of dissidents. as they were so seen. However he did seek to do proviso for countries unreached by the established church by himself enacting curates. Often comparatively uneducated work forces became clergy. In 1784 the Yearly Conference of the People Called Methodists was set up in order that the motion might go on after Wesley’s decease. Methodism. though it has its clergy. is and was really much a laic motion in contrast to the parish church where one adult male was in control of both ritual and sermon. John Wesley’s decease in 1791 did non convey an terminal to Methodism. but a split was inevitable among a group who had moved therefore far from its roots. Its method of strong cardinal authorization together with really effectual local organisation ensured its success. Within 4 old ages Methodists were able to carry on matrimonies and execute the sacraments lawfully. despite non being ordained by an Anglican bishop. It had evolved into something new. eventually interrupting off from its Anglican roots within 11 old ages of John Wesley’s decease. There was a aureate age of increased rank. Between 1791 and 1850 the figure of Methodist churchs in England rose dramatically. Why did it hold such success? One ground is that with the morning of the industrial revolution the English population was on the move. Parishes as they were failed to get by. The metropolis of Leeds for case was all one parish in 1820. before the immense inflow of workers in the nineteenth century. Besides established spiritual societies within Anglicanism insisted that members be in Communion with it. whereas Methodism merely asked at that clip that prospective members had ‘a desire to fly from the wrath to come. to be saved from their wickednesss. ’ – A. Skevington Wood. page 450. ‘A Lion Handbook. The History of Christianity – Methodism was able to make full the spread. by including non-Anglicans. It provided a support group for people who had moved far off from friends and household because of new work forms. Harmonizing to the Spartacus web page the spiritual nose count of 1851 proved that the non-conformists had more chapels and churches every bit good as more active members than the established church. this despite the fact that in many ways non- Anglicans were at that clip discriminated against until the Test and Corporation Act of 1828. They could non obtain university grades or keep public office. When non-conformists. and subsequently Roman Catholics. Jews and atheists. could go members of parliament. it meant that the Anglican church was under the control of a partly non-Anglican authorities. From its earliest yearss Methodism was involved in run intoing societal every bit good as religious demands. It was one of the largest moderation motions. with curates encouraged non to imbibe. though this is now considered a affair for the person. Gambling is besides considered inappropriate. Its methods of organisation. with its 100s of ballad sermonizers and circuits with their overseers was better organized to run into the demands of the clip than was the Anglican church. with merely a priest and a minister of religion or two to cover big countries. one church supposed to run into the demands of in some instances up to 10. 000 people. This system of organisation had its beginnings when Wesley began to take down the names and references of those who gathered in the unfastened air to hear him. This was so that he could see their places and so discuss affairs in smaller groups Out of this. in no manner pre-planned. came the system of categories where people came together to work out the manner of redemption. The Wesleyan sermonizers. both ballad and ordained. were able to cover immense countries of the state that would otherwise be virtually untouched by the Gospel. Wesley broke with Anglican tradition in one regard when he himself ordained work forces to the ministry. though he remained a member of that church. M. Melinksky in ‘The form of the Ministry’ page 101. says that its success was in reaction to the dry Deism of the eighteenth century. It instead offered a spiritual experience that was both vivacious and experiential. At first they preached wherever daiss were opened to them. but bit by bit were excluded from the mainline churches and turned to market topographic points and pit caputs. Merely as prophesying became outstanding so did the little meeting. an accent on personal sanctity and anthem and anthem vocalizing. Besides the growing of industry brought new wealth. Never had there been such a batch of church edifice. particularly in the new or hypertrophied towns to which much of the population were traveling. All this new industry needed an educated work force so a national strategy of instruction came into being. A more literate population responded good to Bible survey and anthem as opposed to the former manner of worship where merely a few people participated acti vely. The official churches were slow to react in the new centres of population. but Wesley and his followings did so in what was at first an unofficial manner. He entirely traveled more stat mis than any old revivalist and addressed crowds of up to 30. 000 people The chief new manner of run intoing the religious demands of people in 18th and nineteenth century England was Methodism. but. harmonizing to Owen Chadwick in ‘A History of Christianity’ ( page 240 ) . the thoughts that it practiced. such as little category meetings. were originally German. begun by a Frankfurt curate. Philip Spener. who. from about 1666. included in his church plan meetings in the hebdomad that were led as easy by church members as by the clergy. The focal point of these meetings. which included supplication. Bible survey and societal action. was on interior sanctity. It was thoughts like these that Wesley took as his ain. taking for a devout people who were holy without the former emphasis on rite. The ‘class meeting’ was said by Wesley to be of ‘unspeakable utility. ’ It suited both metropolis. smaller town and bantam small town state of affairss. Classs were originally devised in order. it is said. to promote good stewardship. each member lending a penny each hebdomad. but it was rapidly realized that those who collected the money were besides really able to supervise the religious demands of members. These were known at first as Assistants. and were sometimes backed up by local Anglican clergy. They were subsequently called Overseers. holding some authorization. but ever under the higher authorization of the Methodist Conference. . By 1743 Methodism was a countrywide organisation Attempts were concentrated on the industrialised excavation countries of the Midlands where new colonies seemed to be jumping up about overnight. The name Methodists was applied to the Societies that were formed with a cardinal organisation. This set up was known as ‘the Connexion’ . Not merely did this system have influence in a spiritual manner. but it was continued into the freshly formed trade brotherhoods down through the 19th and twentieth centuries. It besides led to the growing of Sunday schools. which were good established by 1835. It might be expected that this new inflow of spiritualty and concern for the underprivileged would be welcomed by the established church. but it was non ever so. and when Wesley and his acolytes were attacked by rabble they were frequently left to support themselves. They were denounced both in print and from the daiss. Yet they thrived. The sermonizers. known as circuit riders. would prophesy wherever they could happen a crowd. and so form a category to run into until they were able to see once more. The divinity was easy for people to understand and the disciplined life style that it emphasized was a good thing in the new communities as they struggled into being. This eighteenth century Revival was non of class limited to the Methodist church. Within Anglicanism there came about a motion in response to the same religious demands that is now called Anglican Evangelicalism. At first all those caught up in this religious waking up were called either Methodist churchs or Evangelicals whatever their background of church rank. Gradually nevertheless those who wanted to go on within the model of the Church of England came to be called Evangelicals. though nowadays the word has intensions far outside Anglicanism. Bibliography Barraclough. G. erectile dysfunction. The Christian World. Abrams. New York. 1981 Chadwick. O. A History of Christianity Weidenfield and Nicholson. London 1995 Dowley. T. organizing editor. ‘A Lion Handbook. The History of Christianity Lion Publishing. Hertfordshire. 1977 Melinsky. M. A. H. The Shape of Ministry. Canterbury Press. Norwich. 1992 Partner. P. The Story of Christianity Andre Deutsch Ltd. London. 2005 Wesley. J. A Plain Account of Christian Belief’ Pine. Bristol 1776 Electronic Sources Leeds Parish found at hypertext transfer protocol: //www. genuki. org. uk/big/eng/YKS/WRY/Leeds/index. hypertext markup language accessed 21st July 2007 Methodism found at hypertext transfer protocol: //www. replies. com/topic/methodism accessed 22nd July 2007 Sheldon. H. The History of the Christian Church Thomas Y. Crowell and Co. 1895. found at hypertext transfer protocol: //www. edwardtbabinski. us/sheldon/great_revival. hypertext markup language accessed 20th July 2007 Spa rtacus schoolnet found at hypertext transfer protocol: //www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/REengland. htm accessed 23rd July 2007 Wesley. John found at hypertext transfer protocol: //rylibweb. adult male. Ac. uk/data1/dg/methodist/exhibition/exhib7. hypertext markup language accessed 21st July 2007 Williams. M. United Methodist Beliefs found at hypertext transfer protocol: //fly. hiwaay. net/~fumchsv/beliefs. hypertext markup language. accessed 21st July 2007

Possessive or Genitive Case Definition and Examples

Possessive or Genitive Case Definition and Examples Also Known As: possessive determiner, genitive case, second case In English grammar, possessive case is the case (or function) of an inflected form of a noun (Santas, the bosss) showing ownership, measurement, or source. In addition to the -s ending (a clitic), the possessive can be expressed with of, particularly when the possessor is not alive (the top floor of the building, the base of the statue). Possessive case also refers to a type of pronoun (mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs) or determiner (my, your, his, her, its, our, their) that indicates ownership, measurement, or source. (Note that his and its function as both pronouns and determiners.) Examples and Observations I will not hide the teachers Prozac.(Bart Simpson, The Simpsons)People who have given us their complete confidence believe that they have a right to ours. The inference is false: a gift confers no rights.(Friedrich Nietzsche)Parents can only give good advice or put them on the right paths, but the final forming of a persons character lies in their own hands.(Anne Frank)The winners edge is all in the attitude, not aptitude.(Denis Waitley)An Englishmans way of speaking absolutely classifies him.(Alan Jay Lerner)What precedes the possessive ending need not be a single-word compound but can be a phrase, as in my neighbor next doors dog, or even a clause, as in a woman I knows niece. (Laurel J. Brinton, The Structure of Modern English: A Linguistic Introduction. John Benjamins, 2000) Possessives Before Gerunds In your writing, when a pronoun appears before a gerund (an -ing verbal used as a noun), use the possessive case. We have tasted their cooking. In this example, cooking is used as a noun and is the direct object of have tasted. If a pronoun appears before a participle, use the objective case. We have watched them cooking. In this second example, cooking is used as a participle to describe them. (Robert DiYanni and Pat C. Hoy, The Scribner Handbook for Writers, 3rd ed. Allyn and Bacon, 2001) The Decline of the Possessive Apostrophe The apostrophe is the stepchild of English orthography. It is neither fish nor fowl, typographers convenience, nor true punctuation...The possessive apostrophe is a grammatical anomaly, a vestigial case marker- appropriately shaped like the human appendix- in a noun system that has otherwise dispensed with cases... Evidence of its demise is apparent in newspapers, on billboards, on menus. Our students, understandably confused, alternately abuse it and feel abused by it... ...Thus we may contemplate with relative equanimity the eventual loss- for such seems inevitable in time- of the possessive apostrophe. We may mourn its passing and, perhaps, armed with grammar texts and rules (poor weapons at best) prolong its stay for awhile. But we cannot, nor should we wish to, preserve it indefinitely. We would do well to recognize that the outrages perpetrated upon the apostrophe by our students reflect an increasingly common practice outside the classroom, and temper the insistence of our lessons... ...And, when all is said and done, the loss will not be a great one.(Elizabeth S. Sklar, The Possessive Apostrophe: The Development and Decline of a Crooked Mark. College English, October 1976) Possessive and Genitive The genitive has also been called the possessive, since one of its meanings has been to denote the possessor of what is referred to by the second noun phrase, as in The couples home. But possession has to be interpreted liberally if it is to cover many instances of the genitive and the of-phrase. In a liberal interpretation, we could count as possession any connections between the two nouns where the verbs possess or have can be used in a paraphrase; for example, family relationships: Toms son (the son that Tom has). Mexico Citys(Sidney Greenbaum, The Oxford English Grammar. Oxford Univ. Press, 1996) False Possessives The apostrophe generally should not be used after a word that is more descriptive than possessive, except for a plural not ending in s: Explorers Hall, Diners Club, the Department of Veterans Affairs, teachers college but teachers guide, St. Elizabeths Hospital, Teamsters Union, visitors center, childrens hospital. But the Ladies Home Journal, the National Governors Association.(The National Geographic Style Manual. National Geographic Society, 2012) The Lighter Side of Possessives Cartman: Give me back my kidney! Stan: Dude, please, Kyle needs it! Cartman: Its mine! Not yours, mine! Give it back right now or theres going to be Hell to pay!(Cherokee Hair Tampons. South Park, 2000) Danny Butterman: All right, Pete?Nicholas Angel: Do you know this man?Danny Butterman: Yeah. Hes Auntie Jackies sisters brothers boy.(Nick Frost and Simon Pegg, Hot Fuzz, 2007) My best friends sisters boyfriends brothers girlfriend heard from this guy who knows this kid whos going with the girl who saw Ferris pass out at 31 Flavors last night. I guess its pretty serious.(Kristy Swanson as Simone, Ferris Buellers Day Off, 1986)

Christ-Centered Therapy Essays

Christ-Centered Therapy Essays Christ-Centered Therapy Paper Christ-Centered Therapy Paper There are four essentials for the crisis intervention to be effective. Firstly, it is important that the person must be screened for behavioral, emotional and psychological problems. Secondly, the minister should make sure that documentation on any history and events that led to the crisis or what might be a potential crisis. Thirdly, ensure that the minister learns about the causes, consequences, resources and appropriate responses to a crisis or the potential crisis the person may be facing (Rowan, 1997). Fourthly, the crisis intervention plan must be individualized, set for the person’s needs and if possible; consulting another qualified medical or Christian mental health professional is perhaps, a necessity (Wulff, p. 48). ~How does a church look at ministering people on a continued basis? Within the church, I believe that the following fundamental areas must be present for a full-orbed care ministry especially that when crisis comes, events that trigger crisis or trauma inducing effects on a person do not fall on certain seasons or will they signal their upcoming presence(Anderson et al, 2000, p. 355). Hence, a church must provide a holistic approach towards such an attainment. It may include what may look like Care ministries provide a ready response when personal stress is overwhelming that adheres to a Christ-centered slant (Anderson, 1995). Setting up a crisis intervention center equipped with treatment plans and procedures for every form or type of physical and mental trauma-related sicknesses or disorders takes not only wide and established knowledge of the health care or spiritual ministry involved. It basically takes into consideration a clear call from God that such an undertaking is His direction not only for the church in general, but specifically for one who should take the leadership role on a long-term basis. The call and the subsequent preparation and/or training start with the spiritual unction that enables the minister and the Christian counselor/therapist to see the needs and plight of those suffering trauma or crisis-induced anxiety and corresponding illnesses that bother the client. Then there are the other items to consider such as logistics and other means of support when clients can ill-afford the costs of health care. Constant corporate prayer is an important area that must be in place all year round. Accompanying these detailed needs is the fact that mistakes will/should be anticipated knowing that clients are individual persons with unique personalities and difficulties. However, the rewards are plenteous and the church will be edified and developed when members are given the opportunity to serve and exercise their respective giftings. It is recommended here however, that the model utilized and presented here should be submitted for further testing and development; criticisms should be considered towards the improvement of a better crisis intervention plan. Reference: 1. Anderson, Neil T. , Terry E. Zuehlke, Julianne S. Zuehlke. 2000. Christ-Centered Therapy. Zondervan Publishing House. 2. Anderson, Neill. 1995. Helping others find freedom in Christ. Ventura, Calif. : Regal. 3. Bisson, Jonathan, Mark Brayne, Frank M. Ochberg, George Everly Jr. July 2007. Early Psychological intervention following traumatic events. American Journal of Psychiatry 164:1016-1019.

Management And Organizational Behaviour Assignment Essay

Management And Organizational Behaviour Assignment - Essay Example A successful leader is one who finds newer ways to find organizational success, influence his subordinates and help them perform their task to achieve the organizational goal. Steve Ballmer has recently introduced cloud computing and he has been very enthusiastic to speak about it to be a technological move to grab new marketing opportunities. Cloud computing has been designed and developed to enable businesses to communicate and do information processing in virtual system with no physical interaction with a computer (Katz, 2011). A leader is one who leads an organization, influences his people, introduces some thing new that is highly important for the success of the organization, brings new strategies to achieve targeted goals, incorporates people, process and technology to better manage the resources and make effective use of available resources for activating organizational success. In recent years, Steve Ballmer has been implementing different and effective strategies to lead th e organization and its people especially to help them get accustomed with the changing business contexts and overcome its complexities. Introducing new ideas and focusing on customer satisfaction were some of very different ideas that identifies the leadership qualities of Steve Ballmer. Jean-Philippe Courtois Jean-Philippe Courtois has been the CEO of Microsoft Europe, Middle East and Africa and the company promoted him to lead its international sales, marketing and other services as the President of Microsoft International and senior vice president of Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft.com, 2005). Jean-Philippe Courtois is the leader and top level manager to handle global sales of Microsoft, marketing and services of... This article stresses that employees like consistency in leadership and they are constantly looking for consistency in the leadership style of their leaders. If a leader adopts mixed leadership styles or he is adopting different leadership strategies at different times, his people will be confused and often they wont be able to get accustomed with the way their leader handles a particular circumstance. Normally, it takes time to a team to study the route and styles their leader follows for different situations. Different organizations have their own particular style of management and leadership. This paper makes a conclusion that leaders make change. Change brings opportunities and helps organizations achieve its goals like gaining sustainable competitive advantages. Both Steve Ballmer and Jean-Philippe Courtois have significant roles in the success of Microsoft especially in its recent years. Steve Ballmer, the CEO of Microsoft and Jean-Philippe Courtois, the president of Microsoft International are very successful leaders who have deeply influenced thousands of employees and other people in the organization. These two leaders were able to transform their vision to reality and therefore they are transformational leaders. They brought newer ideas, they developed visions, they conveyed proper messages to their people and they made change in the organization. They remained very constant with their leadership style and that has been another important element to their leadership success.